Employee Shares

Autumn Budget 2018 Cynical View

Published / Last Updated on 30/10/2018

A 'cynic's' view of the Autumn Budget 2018. It's not what was given, it's what was not given and what was taken away in the budget on 29/10/2018.

Related Videos

Keir Starmer Resigns: What Could Andy Burnham Policies Look Like as Prime Minister?

Keir Starmer Resigns: What Could Andy Burnham Policies Look Like as Prime Minister?

With Keir Starmer stepping down as Prime Minister and Andy Burnham returning to Parliament as an MP, political attention has rapidly shifted. The question dominating the conversation is simple: ...

16d

Politics & Economy

'Plain Bread' Spring 2026 Statement but 'Yeast' We Forget: Tax 'Dough' is Still Rising

'Plain Bread' Spring 2026 Statement but 'Yeast' We Forget: Tax 'Dough' is Still Rising

A play on bread, dough, and yeast in the title, but this is exactly what Chancellor Rachel Reeves’ Spring Statement (mini-Budget) was today. The tax 'dough' is rising. Mrs Reeves ...

4m6d

Politics & Economy

What Happens to Markets and the Economy When Interest Rates Rise or Fall?

What Happens to Markets and the Economy When Interest Rates Rise or Fall?

Over recent years we have seen interest rates rise to combat inflation and more recently, interest rates fall as inflation comes down and the need to stimulate the economy. ...

4m27d

Politics & Economy

Scottish Budget 2026/27 High Income Tax and New Mansion Tax to Help Children

Scottish Budget 2026/27 High Income Tax and New Mansion Tax to Help Children

The devolved Scottish Government published its annual Budget yesterday for tax year 2026/27. See: Scottish Government Budget in Full Quick Glance: there were some clear, but harsh for some, measures in ...

5m25d

Politics & Economy

Impact on Markets, Pensions and Life When Interest Rates Rise and Fall

Impact on Markets, Pensions and Life When Interest Rates Rise and Fall

The Bank of England reduced central bank interest rates to 3.75% pa on 18th December 2025, its lowest pint since 2023 after a long period of higher interest rates ...

6m21d

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2025 Cash ISA Allowances Cut for Under 65s

Autumn Budget 2025 Cash ISA Allowances Cut for Under 65s

The main annual ISA allowances of: Individual ISA Allowance £20,000 pa. Junior ISA Allowance £9,000 pa. Lifetime ISA Allowance £4,000 pa. All remain unchanged and are frozen until tax year 2030/31. Cash ISA Allowance ...

7m10d

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2025 2% Additional Income Taxes on Investment Income

Autumn Budget 2025 2% Additional Income Taxes on Investment Income

Bearing in mind, the directors of this firm are also landlords, we have long thought that it is unfair that A company director or shareholder does not pay national insurance ...

7m10d

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2025 Several Non UK Resident Taxation Changes

Autumn Budget 2025 Several Non UK Resident Taxation Changes

The Autumn Budget 2025 did contain a number of measures below and also covered in other videos for non-UK residents with assets or income derived in the UK. These ...

7m10d

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2025 Inheritance Tax Amendments

Autumn Budget 2025 Inheritance Tax Amendments

The Autumn Budget 2025 did not contain any dramatic changes for inheritance taxes (IHT) but there were numerous mentions and snippets within the Budget. Inheritance Tax Allowances Frozen £325,000 nil rate ...

7m10d

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2025 Tax Relief Reduced on Venture Capital Trusts

Autumn Budget 2025 Tax Relief Reduced on Venture Capital Trusts

Chancellor Rachel Reeves confirmed that from April 2026, the government is increasing company investment limit for Venture Capital Trusts (VCT) and Enterprise Investment Schemes (EIS) to £10m and for ...

7m10d

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2025 Private, Company and State Pensions

Autumn Budget 2025 Private, Company and State Pensions

The Autumn Budget 2025 covered multiple areas in connection with pensions, pension death benefits, surpluses on defined benefits, expats, and state pensions. We already know from Autumn Budget 2024 that ...

7m10d

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2025 Property Taxation and Mansion Tax

Autumn Budget 2025 Property Taxation and Mansion Tax

The Autumn Budget 2025 covered a number of areas in connection with both residential and commercial property. Stamp Duty Despite fears, there were no changes to stamp duty and there was ...

7m10d

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2025 Eligibility Changes for Help to Save Scheme

Autumn Budget 2025 Eligibility Changes for Help to Save Scheme

The Help to Save scheme is a government sponsored savings scheme for people on low incomes to encourage a habit to save regularly and therefore build up a small ...

7m10d

Politics & Economy

Benefits in Kind in Autumn Budget 2025 Radar?

Benefits in Kind in Autumn Budget 2025 Radar?

The Labour Government has tasked many government bodies, including HMRC to find ways to make spending cuts or reduce the tax benefits burden on the Treasury without physically increasing ...

> 1y

Politics & Economy

Is Pension Salary Sacrifice at Risk in the Autumn Budget 2025?

Is Pension Salary Sacrifice at Risk in the Autumn Budget 2025?

HMRC has completed its review of pensions salary sacrifice as part of the Governments need to close tax gaps and loopholes in the UK tax system to increase revenue, ...

> 1y

Politics & Economy

Break Fiscal Rules or Increase Taxes in Autumn 2025 Budget?

Break Fiscal Rules or Increase Taxes in Autumn 2025 Budget?

The World has changed according to Rachel Reeves and the UK’s position in it is ever changing. That said, it appears Chancellor Rachel Reeves is not for changing given her ...

> 1y3m

Politics & Economy

Spring Statement March 2025

Spring Statement March 2025

Chancellor Rachel Reeves took the floor at 12.30pm today to deliver her Spring Statement 2025 (sometimes known as a mini-Budget). It was not a mini-Budget at all, more of ...

> 1y3m

Politics & Economy

Reviewing Our Market Forecasts 2024 and Looking Ahead to 2025

Reviewing Our Market Forecasts 2024 and Looking Ahead to 2025

The Year That Was and Our Forecasts for the Year to Come Season’s Greetings and thank you to all clients that have worked with us in 2024. It has been ...

> 1y6m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Domicile Rules Replaced by Resident and Long Term Resident

Autumn Budget 2024 Domicile Rules Replaced by Resident and Long Term Resident

In the Spring Budget of 2024, Non-UK Domicile was already being abolished by the Conservative Government, but those proposed rules have now been updated and amended by the new ...

> 1y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Huge Road Taxes on New Vehicles & Minor Increases Other Vehicles

Autumn Budget 2024 Huge Road Taxes on New Vehicles & Minor Increases Other Vehicles

A Budget that would not raise taxes for working people? Most working people need a car ... Huge Increases on 1st Registration Road Tax There have been huge increases on vehicle ...

> 1y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 QROPS Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme Transfers

Autumn Budget 2024 QROPS Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme Transfers

In Rachel Reeve’s first Budget, there was yet another tax grab and this time for transfers of UK pensions to HMRC approved (Qualifying) Recognised Overseas Pension Schemes (QROPS) within ...

> 1y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Earn £20k plus? Quarterly and Yearly Tax Returns for All by 2029

Autumn Budget 2024 Earn £20k plus? Quarterly and Yearly Tax Returns for All by 2029

We are staggered that no one in the press or media appears to have picked up section 5.21 of the Treasury’s Autumn Budget 2024 paper. “5.21 Making Tax Digital for ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Inheritance Tax Property Relief Cuts

Autumn Budget 2024 Inheritance Tax Property Relief Cuts

We have already covered the Chancellor’s attack on pensions by introducing inheritance tax on unused pensions and death in service benefits See BTN_NAVYBLUE_VIDEO:2050 Let’s have a look at other changes for ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Income Tax and National Insurance for Individuals and Employers

Autumn Budget 2024 Income Tax and National Insurance for Individuals and Employers

Income Tax Rates and National Insurance Thresholds for Individuals The Chancellor confirmed that income tax and national insurance contribution thresholds for individuals will remain frozen until 2028 as confirmed by ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Stamp Duty Land Tax Increases

Autumn Budget 2024 Stamp Duty Land Tax Increases

Increased Higher Stamp Duty Rates on Additional Dwellings (England and Wales only) (From 31 October 2024) Higher Rates for additional dwellings surcharge was increased by 2% from 3% to 5%. Does ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Business Rates and Holiday Let Changes

Autumn Budget 2024 Business Rates and Holiday Let Changes

Abolition of Furnished Holiday Let (FHL) Tax Breaks This was already put forward by the then Conservative government earlier this year and is now confirmed in the new Labour government’s ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 State Pensions and MIG Pension Credit

Autumn Budget 2024 State Pensions and MIG Pension Credit

The government confirmed that the triple lock for State Pensions (both New State Pension and older Basic State Pensions) will be kept for the rest of this parliament (i.e. ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Individual Savings Accounts

Autumn Budget 2024 Individual Savings Accounts

In the Autumn Budget 2024 there were no changes to the annual allowance for Individual Savings Accounts and the rumour of a new lifetime cap on ISA funds were ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Pensions Included in Estate for IHT

Autumn Budget 2024 Pensions Included in Estate for IHT

In a dramatic change to recent government policy on pensions, any unused pension funds will now be included in your estate on death and therefore potentially subject to inheritance ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2024 Capital Gains Tax Increases

Autumn Budget 2024 Capital Gains Tax Increases

The capital gains tax annual exemption of £3,000 remains. With effect from midnight on 30th October 2024, capital gains tax (CGT) rates have been increased for non-residential property investments to ...

> 1y8m

Politics & Economy

What Is On Our Pensions Wishlist from Chancellor Rachel Reeves?

What Is On Our Pensions Wishlist from Chancellor Rachel Reeves?

The Labour Party won a landslide victory in the UK General Election last week. We now have a new Prime Minister, Sir Keir Starmer and a new Chancellor of ...

> 1y11m

Politics & Economy

Speculating on Potential Labour Budget

Speculating on Potential Labour Budget

The Labour Party manifesto was published last week and given the consistency of the party’s lead in opinion polls; it is more than likely the Labour will be elected ...

> 2y

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget 2024 Finance, Pensions and Tax General Summary

Spring Budget 2024 Finance, Pensions and Tax General Summary

Pensions and General Taxation Income tax allowances and rates unchanged (except in Scotland) Inheritance tax rates and allowances unchanged Capital gains tax allowances unchanged and will reduce to £3,000 pa from £6,000 ...

> 2y4m

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget 2024 Furnished Holiday Let Regime Abolished

Spring Budget 2024 Furnished Holiday Let Regime Abolished

The Chancellor announced in the Spring Budget today that from 6 April 2025, the Furnished Holiday Let (FHL) Regime will be abolished meaning FHLs and short term let properties ...

> 2y4m

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget 2024 Non Domicile Rules Abolished

Spring Budget 2024 Non Domicile Rules Abolished

Currently, there are non-UK domiciled rules on taxation for people that may have been born overseas or to overseas parents and have moved to the UK to live and ...

> 2y4m

Politics & Economy

Alcohol Duty or Minimum Wage Rises Increasing Inflation?

Alcohol Duty or Minimum Wage Rises Increasing Inflation?

Today we saw news that UK CPI inflation had increased in December 2023 from 3.9% pa to 4.0% pa. This increase was a surprise (allegedly) for many commentators and ...

> 2y5m

Politics & Economy

Market Review 2023 and Looking Ahead to 2024

Market Review 2023 and Looking Ahead to 2024

During Covid-19 ‘Lockdown’ with the amount of government borrowing for covid debt, we forecast that inflation would be needed to devalue £500bn worth of government debt and we set ...

> 2y6m

Politics & Economy

Will Labour Bring Back the Lifetime Allowance and How?

Will Labour Bring Back the Lifetime Allowance and How?

The next General Election in the UK must take place by January 2025. There are many who are speculating that this could be in early 2024 if the Chancellor’s ...

> 2y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2023 UK Global Finance Capital Again

Autumn Statement 2023 UK Global Finance Capital Again

With Brexit and some EU financial services, but not all, heading out of the UK to Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Paris, London has fallen from No.1 to No.2 behind New ...

> 2y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2023 Property and Mortgages

Autumn Statement 2023 Property and Mortgages

There was very little help for the mortgage and property market in the Autumn Statement 2023 but equally there were no additional negative pressures given the property market is ...

> 2y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2023 National Insurance Contributions

Autumn Statement 2023 National Insurance Contributions

The Chancellor announced the biggest overhaul to national insurance contributions (NICs) for both the employed and self-employed on record. Employees NIC – From 6th January 2024 Employee National Insurance (Class 1) ...

> 2y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2023 Pensions, Pension Pot for Life and More

Autumn Statement 2023 Pensions, Pension Pot for Life and More

Lifetime Allowance (LTA) Abolition Confirmed The government has confirmed that as part of the coming Autumn Finance Act 2023, the Lifetime Allowance (the maximum amount you build up in pensions ...

> 2y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2023 Back to Work Plan for Unemployed

Autumn Statement 2023 Back to Work Plan for Unemployed

The government wants to tackle the problem of long-term unemployed and get them back to work to make positive contributions to the economy. There are many reasons why people ...

> 2y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2023 Biggest Overhaul of ISAs Since 1999

Autumn Statement 2023 Biggest Overhaul of ISAs Since 1999

The individual Savings Account (ISA) replaced the Personal Equity Plan in 1999. Chancellor Jeremy Hunt announced the biggest overhaul to ISA rules in 24 years in the Autumn Statement. ...

> 2y7m

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget 2023 Main Key Takeaways

Spring Budget 2023 Main Key Takeaways

The Chancellor offered his Spring Budget on 15th March 2023 with the plan for the Four Es of Economic Growth and Prosperity: ENTERPRISE, EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT and EVERYWHERE. You will no ...

> 3y3m

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget 2023 Tax Free Cash Pension Commencement Lump Sum Capped

Spring Budget 2023 Tax Free Cash Pension Commencement Lump Sum Capped

The Spring Budget on 15 March 2023 confirmed that the Pensions Lifetime Allowance (LTA) i.e., the maximum value you can build up in pension funds of £1,073,100 was to ...

> 3y3m

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget 2023 Money Purchase Annual Allowance Increase

Spring Budget 2023 Money Purchase Annual Allowance Increase

Pension Annual Allowance (AA) The pensions annual allowance is the maximum amount that both you and your employer can pay into a pension fund each year. This is capped with ...

> 3y3m

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget 2023 Minimum Tapered Annual Allowance and Adjusted Income

Spring Budget 2023 Minimum Tapered Annual Allowance and Adjusted Income

In the Spring 2023 Budget the pension Annual Allowance (AA) i.e., the maximum value or equivalent value that can be contributed by both you and your employer to your ...

> 3y3m

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget 2023 Annual Allowance and Lifetime Allowance

Spring Budget 2023 Annual Allowance and Lifetime Allowance

Pension Lifetime Allowance (LTA) Abolished LTA was introduced in 2006, this is the maximum value or equivalent value your can accumulate in pension value during your lifetime. The Lifetime Allowance ...

> 3y3m

Politics & Economy

Tax Increases as No Magic Lamp Budget 22

Tax Increases as No Magic Lamp Budget 22

The Autumn Statement has grabbed all the headlines with “robbing the strivers”, “robbing taxpayers” and “biggest standard of living fall since 50s” and with not much praise for the ...

> 3y7m

Politics & Economy

Increased Benefits and No Magic Lamp Budget 22

Increased Benefits and No Magic Lamp Budget 22

The Autumn Statement has grabbed all the headlines with “robbing the strivers”, “robbing taxpayers” and “biggest standard of living fall since 50s” and with not much praise for the ...

> 3y7m

Politics & Economy

19% Income Tax Cut Means More Investment Bond Tax for Higher Taxpayers

19% Income Tax Cut Means More Investment Bond Tax for Higher Taxpayers

Insurance investment bonds are another type of investment ‘wrapper’ with a set of tax rules that invests in markets in the same way that both ISAs and pensions are ...

> 3y9m

Politics & Economy

Mini Budget 2022 Chancellor Gambles and Cuts Taxes

Mini Budget 2022 Chancellor Gambles and Cuts Taxes

The new Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng has revealed tax cuts to stimulate growth in the economy in what he claims to be the biggest tax cuts in ...

> 3y9m

Politics & Economy

Mini Budget 2022 Stealth Taxes Sting

Mini Budget 2022 Stealth Taxes Sting

Ahead of the mini budget this morning, and the usual uproar in ‘the House’ and in the press about likely tax cuts or hikes for the wealthy or not ...

> 3y9m

Politics & Economy

Mini Budget 2022 Who Pays Most Income Tax?

Mini Budget 2022 Who Pays Most Income Tax?

Ahead of the Chancellor’s Emergency Budget later today, we decided to have a look at who pays income taxes in the UK. It does not matter what your politics ...

> 3y9m

Politics & Economy

Impact of Interest Rate Increases to Curb Inflation

Impact of Interest Rate Increases to Curb Inflation

The Federal Reserve in the USA increased interest rates on Wednesday by yet another 0.75% pa to present a new interest rate range of 2.25% - 2.50 pa in ...

> 3y11m

Politics & Economy

The Queens Speech with 38 New Bills Proposed

The Queens Speech with 38 New Bills Proposed

The Queen’s Speech is written by the Government of the day and presented to the opening of Parliament with usually a long list of proposed Bills that the government ...

> 4y1m

Politics & Economy

Chancellor's Spring Statement 230322

Chancellor's Spring Statement 230322

The Chancellor Rishi Sunak opened his Spring Statement with positive comments on record UK economic growth, lower unemployment that is set to continue to fall and the negative side ...

> 4y3m

Politics & Economy

State Pension Warning on National Insurance Limits

State Pension Warning on National Insurance Limits

In his Spring Statement (mini budget) on 23/03/22, the Chancellor Rishi Sunak announced he is lifting the National Insurance lower earnings limit threshold by just over £3,000. The current ...

> 4y3m

Politics & Economy

Economic Crime Bill 2022

Economic Crime Bill 2022

We have already seen last week, HMRC changing its rules on the Trusts Register by now requiring explicit trusts that do not currently have a liability to income, capital ...

> 4y3m

Politics & Economy

Inflation Is A Government Tool They Manipulate

Inflation Is A Government Tool They Manipulate

In November 21, the Bank of England yest again kept interest rates at 0.1%pa despite pressure as inflation is currently at 3.1%pa and forecast by the Bank to increase ...

> 4y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2021 Universal Credit Taper Reduction

Autumn Budget 2021 Universal Credit Taper Reduction

With effect from 1 December 2021, the universal credit taper will be reduced from 63p to 55p. What is Universal Credit Taper? If you receive universal credit, you are still encouraged ...

> 4y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget Statement Summary 2021

Autumn Budget Statement Summary 2021

The Chancellor, Rishi Sunak took to his feet for the Budget speech yesterday knowing that government revenue was much higher than expected as the UK economy raced out of ...

> 4y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2021 Net Pay Pension Scheme Problem Fixed

Autumn Budget 2021 Net Pay Pension Scheme Problem Fixed

There has been a tax relief issue for Net Pay Pension Schemes for many years. How does a Net Pay Scheme work? If you personally pay into a personal pension plan, ...

> 4y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2021 Inflation Smokescreen

Autumn Budget 2021 Inflation Smokescreen

In his Autumn Budget Speech, the Chancellor suggested he had again written to the Governor of the Bank of England reaffirming the Government’s target of 2%pa trend inflation. We ...

> 4y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2021 CGT Payments on Property

Autumn Budget 2021 CGT Payments on Property

From 6th April 2020, new rules started that when you dispose of an investment property, any capital gains tax liability must be paid within 30 days of the transfer. Clearly, ...

> 4y8m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Budget 2021 Self Employed and Green Bonds

Autumn Budget 2021 Self Employed and Green Bonds

Self Employed The employers and employees national insurance contributions and dividends Health and Social Care levy of 1.25% suggest to us that the Self Employed should consider moving to a ...

> 4y8m

Politics & Economy

Is The UK Mirroring US Fiscal Policy To Secure Trade Deal?

Is The UK Mirroring US Fiscal Policy To Secure Trade Deal?

We have been watching closing the monetary and fiscal policy of both the US and UK during the pandemic and much appears to be very similar. Both countries have had ...

> 4y9m

Politics & Economy

Gilt Yields Are Rising, What Will That Mean?

Gilt Yields Are Rising, What Will That Mean?

The standard 10 Year Treasury Stock Gilt yield has risen back to 1%pa. This means it will cost the British government more in interest (coupon) debt repayments when borrowing ...

> 4y9m

Politics & Economy

Should We Be Worried About 250% Oil & Gas Price Rises

Should We Be Worried About 250% Oil & Gas Price Rises

Since January 2021, wholesale oil and gas prices have risen by an extraordinary 250%. Firstly, this is the wholesale price that suppliers pay to bulk wholesalers. It is not the ...

> 4y9m

Politics & Economy

Inflation Linked Gilt Auction 30 X Oversubscribed

Inflation Linked Gilt Auction 30 X Oversubscribed

30 X Oversubscribed Index Linked Gilt Auction Means Inflation Is On Its Way: We have covered many times on this site that Covid-19 government borrowing around the globe is unlikely ...

> 5y2m

Politics & Economy

Financial Firms New Consumer Duty Rules

Financial Firms New Consumer Duty Rules

The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has published a consultation document for new Consumer Duty rules for financial services firms. We already have a huge raft of COBS (Conduct of Business ...

> 5y1m

Politics & Economy

Lifetime Allowance Flawed For Defined Contribution Pensions

Lifetime Allowance Flawed For Defined Contribution Pensions

The Chancellor’s Budget last week confirmed that many benefits, personal allowance and tax band thresholds will increase by inflation in April 2021 but then be frozen for the next ...

> 5y4m

Politics & Economy

Cynic's View of Budget 2021

Cynic's View of Budget 2021

No major shocks in the Chancellor’s Budget but fundamentally a ‘keep going as we are for this year’, protect people and jobs with extended furlough pay, extended universal credit, ...

> 5y4m

Politics & Economy

Windfall Tax and Triple Tax Lock in Budget 2021?

Windfall Tax and Triple Tax Lock in Budget 2021?

Speculation is growing even more about the contents of Rishi Sunak’s 3rd March 2021 Budget. It is interesting than an aide to Mr Sunak had allegedly highlighted that it was ...

> 5y5m

Politics & Economy

The Impact of Negative Interest Rates

The Impact of Negative Interest Rates

The Prudential Regulatory Authority (the regulatory part of the Bank of England) that regulates the UK banking industry has written to banks and building societies telling them to prepare ...

> 5y4m

Politics & Economy

Does Scottish Income Tax Changes Give UK Tax Clue?

Does Scottish Income Tax Changes Give UK Tax Clue?

Scotland's proposed 2021/22 tax bands are: Band Name Tax Rate% Taxable Income £ 2020/21 2021/22 Starter 19 0 - 2,085 0 - 2,097 Basic 20 Over 2,085 - 12,658 Over 2,097 - 12,726 Intermediate 21 Over 12,658 – 30,930 Over 12,726 – 31,092 Higher 41 Over 30,930 - 150,000 Over ...

> 5y5m

Politics & Economy

Crystal Ball Gazing on Tax Relief for Budget 2021

Crystal Ball Gazing on Tax Relief for Budget 2021

There is much speculation on what the Chancellor will implement in his Budget on 3rd March 2021. This week we take a look at possible changes to tax relief ...

> 5y5m

Politics & Economy

Welsh Stamp Duty Clue to Stamp Duty Increases?

Welsh Stamp Duty Clue to Stamp Duty Increases?

As part of government plans to raise £13 million for social housing as from Tuesday 22nd December 2020, stamp duty will increase on second homes in Wales. The announcement made ...

> 5y5m

Politics & Economy

Thoughts and Hopes for 2021

Thoughts and Hopes for 2021

Vaccination is key but this has to be global and it will take a long time. Governments will stimulate the economy not just for economic recovery but also to ...

> 5y6m

Politics & Economy

Reflections on 2020

Reflections on 2020

We have all faced the reality of mortality. We have all suffered deprivation whether that is working too hard and being rushed off your feet or alternatively being bored ...

> 5y6m

Politics & Economy

Spending Review Is Blatant Indication Inflation Is Coming

Spending Review Is Blatant Indication Inflation Is Coming

Rishi Sunak’s Spending Review Gives Us A Blatant Indication That Inflation Is Coming Today the Treasury confirmed, via the Chancellor in the Spending Review that Index Linked Gilts (lending money ...

> 5y7m

Politics & Economy

Why Is September Inflation So Important

Why Is September Inflation So Important

September inflation rates published in October by the Office for National Statistics are important because this is the inflation rate for many benefit increases in the following April. E.g. ...

> 5y8m

Politics & Economy

How Quantitative Easing Works and Why Do It Now

How Quantitative Easing Works and Why Do It Now

Governments borrow money by issuing government bonds or in the UK they are known as Gilts (gilt edged security Treasury Stock). They usually issue these in the form of ...

> 5y8m

Politics & Economy

Summer Mini Budget 2020

Summer Mini Budget 2020

Job Retention Bonus Furlough scheme replaced by Job Retention Bonus. Employers that take back their staff that have been furloughed, will be paid £1,000 bonus per employee if they are ...

> 6y

Politics & Economy

Spring Budget Summary 2020

Spring Budget Summary 2020

Highlights for Budget 2020 as follows: A reduction in the lifetime allowance for entrepreneurs relief from £10 million to £1 million. An increase in the threshold income and adjusted income to ...

> 6y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget Speculation 2020 Cut Higher Rate Pension Tax Relief

Budget Speculation 2020 Cut Higher Rate Pension Tax Relief

Wipe out High Rate Relief – Very Easy Low Hanging Fruit Speculation that the government will cut higher rate tax pension relief. We suspect that this is the easiest of ...

> 6y4m

Politics & Economy

Budget Speculation 2020 Mansion Tax v Stamp Duty Cut

Budget Speculation 2020 Mansion Tax v Stamp Duty Cut

It is speculated that Budget 2020 could introduce a new Mansion Tax or Wealth Tax for assets or homes worth over £2m to be used as a levy to ...

> 6y4m

Politics & Economy

Higher Taxes for Higher Spending v Austerity

Higher Taxes for Higher Spending v Austerity

Higher spending on services = higher taxes or lower taxes = lower spending on services - you decide but here are some tasters: Labour’s Tax Manifesto Increase corporation tax = raise ...

> 6y7m

Politics & Economy

Boris Brexit Deal to Face Parliament

Boris Brexit Deal to Face Parliament

Boris Johnson and Carl Junker announced a Brexit deal between the UK and EU 17 October 2019 but it lacks support from the DUP, SNP, Labour and Liberals. In ...

> 6y8m

Politics & Economy

Queens Speech 2019 but Brexit and Election are Key

Queens Speech 2019 but Brexit and Election are Key

Queens Speech 14th October 2019 but Brexit, a House of Commons Majority and any potential General Election are key as to whether the proposed Bills will pass as into ...

> 6y8m

Politics & Economy

Office for Tax Simplification Report Simplifying Tax for Individuals

Office for Tax Simplification Report Simplifying Tax for Individuals

Office for Tax Simplification: Taxation and Life Events: Simplifying Tax for Individuals. Summary of recommendations .... Family life 1 The government should review the administrative arrangements linked to the operation of ...

> 6y8m

Politics & Economy

Replace Capital Gains Tax With Income Tax

Replace Capital Gains Tax With Income Tax

Almost certainly there will be a general election before Brexit but either way in a post Brexit World, taxation will change. Expect taxes to rise. Think tank: The Institute for ...

> 6y9m

Politics & Economy

Stop No Deal Brexit Bill Explained

Stop No Deal Brexit Bill Explained

A Bill to prevent Government leaving the EU with or without a deal by 31/10/2019 has been passed by Parliament. With House of Lords approval this will pass to ...

> 6y10m

Politics & Economy

Boris and Suspending Parliament for No Deal Brexit

Boris and Suspending Parliament for No Deal Brexit

Boris and Suspending Parliament Many may consider the suspension of Parliament as the end of democracy or even illegal. Has Boris done this to: Stop Parliament blocking any ‘No Deal’ Brexit? Send a ...

> 6y10m

Politics & Economy

Spending Increases and Tax Cuts After Brexit

Spending Increases and Tax Cuts After Brexit

There is only one way the Government in a post Brexit 'No Deal' World can afford to ... Spend more on the NHS Recruit 20,000 new police officers Reduce Corporation Tax Encourage business ...

> 6y11m

Politics & Economy

Reassessing Risk Profile With Scale and Probability

When reviewing your risk profile you should always look at the PROBABILITY of economic or political events that may affect markets. Brexit, No Deal, Global Economic Slowdown, Central Bank stimulus ...

> 6y11m

Politics & Economy

Big China USA Trade War Threats

Big China USA Trade War Threats

China holds $1 trillion US Dollars – is this China’s real weapon for Big Trade War. The Dollar is STRONG meaning imported goods and services for the US consumer are ...

> 7y1m

Politics & Economy

Brexit Odds After MEP Elections and Investment Market Outlook

Brexit Odds After MEP Elections and Investment Market Outlook

After the Brexit Party took the majority vote in last week's EU MEP elections with the Conservatives and Labour taking a hammering, we look at the real results and ...

> 7y1m

Politics & Economy

Impact of Labour Proposal for 10 per cent Employee Owned Company Shares

Impact of Labour Proposal for 10 per cent Employee Owned Company Shares

The possible impact on pensions and ISAs of the Labour Party proposal for 10 per cent employee owned company shares for companies with more than 250 employees....

> 7y9m

Politics & Economy

Spring Statement 2018 Consultations

Spring Statement 2018 Consultations

The Chancellor delivered his Spring Statement on 13th March 2018 with consultation papers mainly affecting tax, entrepreneurship and digital economies....

> 8y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Marriage Allowance on Death

Budget Autumn 2017 Marriage Allowance on Death

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 and Marriage Allowance on Death....

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Rent A Room Relief

Budget Autumn 2017 Rent A Room Relief

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 and Rent A Room Relief under scrutiny....

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Electric Car Charge

Budget Autumn 2017 Electric Car Charge

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 and charging electric cars at work as a tax free benefit in kind....

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Business Travel Expenses Cap

Budget Autumn 2017 Business Travel Expenses Cap

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 with a cap on travel and subsistence expenses whilst away on business. No more expensive ...

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Frozen Savings Allowances

Budget Autumn 2017 Frozen Savings Allowances

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 and savings being hit will frozen ISA allowances and the £5,000 zero starting % tax ...

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Stamp Duty Fix

Budget Autumn 2017 Stamp Duty Fix

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 and the fix made on higher stamp duty rates for additional homes....

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Lifetime Allowance

Budget Autumn 2017 Lifetime Allowance

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 and Pension Lifetime Allowance inflation (no increase to Pension Annual Allowance though)....

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 VAT Threshold Cut

Budget Autumn 2017 VAT Threshold Cut

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 with the VAT registration threshold technically being cut catching more businesses....

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Life Insurance Growth Tax

Budget Autumn 2017 Life Insurance Growth Tax

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 and the withdrawal of indexation allowance on corporate gains. We've called it a life insurance ...

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Business Rates Stealth Tax

Budget Autumn 2017 Business Rates Stealth Tax

You've seen the headlines. We look at the small print of Autumn Budget 2017 and Business Rates changes, yet another stealth tax....

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

Budget Autumn 2017 Summary

Budget Autumn 2017 Summary

Autumn Budget 2017 summary and look at the headline grabbers before we look at the small print....

> 8y7m

Politics & Economy

If You Were The Prime Minister How Would You Manage the Economy

If You Were The Prime Minister How Would You Manage the Economy

If you were the Prime Minister or the Chancellor how would you manage the economy? We give you three options, you choose the likely path. This may help you ...

> 8y8m

Politics & Economy

Dividend Allowance U Turn

Dividend Allowance U Turn

Video explains the u-turns made for dividend tax free allowance and money purchase annual allowance from Budget 2017 in light of General Election 2017....

> 9y2m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2017 QROPS Tax Charge

Budget 2017 QROPS Tax Charge

Budget 2017 and the impact of a 25% tax charge when transferring UK pensions to a recognised overseas pension....

> 9y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2017 National Savings Bond

Budget 2017 National Savings Bond

Budget 2017 confirms the start of the National Savings and Investment 2.2% 3 year fixed rate bond available from April 2017 to April 2018....

> 9y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2017 Dividend Allowance Cut

Budget 2017 Dividend Allowance Cut

Budget 2017 reduced the dividend tax free allowance from £5,000 to £2,000 from April 2018 meaning higher tax bills for all shareholders and a blow to small limited company directors....

> 9y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2017 Self Employed NIC

Budget 2017 Self Employed NIC

Budget 2017 and the shock increase Self Employed National Insurance Contributions (NIC). Another kick in the teeth for small business but is it fair?...

> 9y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2017 Cutbacks Mean Council Tax Rises

Budget 2017 Cutbacks Mean Council Tax Rises

Budget 2017 confirmed 34% reduction in local government subsidies, we think big council tax rises are on the way....

> 9y3m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2016

Autumn Statement 2016

Summary of key elements affecting pensions, investments and financial advice in the Autumn Statement 2016....

> 9y7m

Politics & Economy

Impact of Trump Election

Impact of Trump Election

Why markets have not tumbled as expected.when combining Brexit vote with Donald Trump election....

> 9y7m

Politics & Economy

What Does Hard Brexit Mean

What Does Hard Brexit Mean

We explore the potential options for a Hard Brexit. Sometimes calles Clean Brexit. Until negotiations begin, no one knows, but here are some examples of Hard Brexit or Clean Brexit....

> 9y7m

Politics & Economy

What Does Soft Brexit Mean

What Does Soft Brexit Mean

We explore the potential options for a Soft Brexit. Until negotiations begin, no one knows, but here are some examples of soft Brexit....

> 9y7m

Politics & Economy

World Trade Organisation Agreement

World Trade Organisation Agreement

Hard or soft Brexit? Clean Brexit? We take a look at the default position of UK and EU adopting the simple World Trade Organisation Agreement (WTO) for trade and ...

> 9y7m

Politics & Economy

UK Budget Summary March 2016

UK Budget Summary March 2016

Video covers a quick summary of key points affecting pensions, investments and taxes from Budget March 2016....

> 10y3m

Politics & Economy

Help to Save UK Budget March 2016

Help to Save UK Budget March 2016

Video offers some brief details announced both before and during Budget March 2016 for the Help to Save scheme for low earners....

> 10y3m

Politics & Economy

Lifetime ISA UK Budget March 2016

Lifetime ISA UK Budget March 2016

Video offers some brief details announced during Budget March 2016 for the new Lifetime ISA for pensions saving or first time buyers for the under 40's....

> 10y3m

Politics & Economy

Capital Gains Tax UK Budget March 2016

Capital Gains Tax UK Budget March 2016

Video looks at capital gains tax rate reductions in the March 2016 Budget, these cuts do not apply to residential property, is it about growing business....

> 10y3m

Politics & Economy

Pension Payment Before Budget 2016

Pension Payment Before Budget 2016

Videos explores the risks of delaying any pension contribution until after the budget 2016 for higher rate taxpayers. Should pay into pension before the Budget?...

> 10y5m

Pensions

Autumn Statement 2015 Buy to Let Hammered

Autumn Statement 2015 Buy to Let Hammered

The autumn statement 2015 dealt a double tax and stamp duty land tax blow to buy to let property investment....

> 10y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2015 Deed of Variation

Autumn Statement 2015 Deed of Variation

The autumn statement 2015 offered a reprieve for Inheritance tax planning and Wills with no changes to a Deed of Variation but is there a hidden agenda?...

> 10y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2015 Crowdfunding ISA

Autumn Statement 2015 Crowdfunding ISA

The autumn statement 2015 confirmed the details and start date in 2016 for the Innovative Finance ISA or the so called Crowdfunding ISA....

> 10y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2015 Pensions

Autumn Statement 2015 Pensions

The autumn statement 2015 released details of flat rate state pensions, auto-enrolment changes and suggested pension tax relief changes in the March Budget 2016....

> 10y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement 2015 Digital Tax Account

Autumn Statement 2015 Digital Tax Account

The autumn statement 2015 confirm a £1.3bn fund for HMRC to build a new Digital Tax Account system to replace self-assessment. You will pay all your tax sooner!...

> 10y7m

Politics & Economy

Summer Budget 2015 Income Tax

Summer Budget 2015 Income Tax

Video looks at the changes to personal allowances and income tax bands in the July summer budget 2015....

> 10y11m

Politics & Economy

Summer Budget 2015 Inheritance Tax

Summer Budget 2015 Inheritance Tax

Video looks at the changes to inheritance tax with the main home nil rate band inheritance tax allowance....

> 10y11m

Politics & Economy

Summer Budget 2015 Dividend Tax

Summer Budget 2015 Dividend Tax

Video looks at the dramatic withdrawal of the dividend tax credit and the introduction of a tax free dividend allowance and then tiered rates of tax starting at 7.5% ...

> 10y11m

Business

Summer Budget 2015 Rent a Room Relief

Summer Budget 2015 Rent a Room Relief

Video explains rent a room relief and the increase in the rental a room allowance for tax free income up to £7500....

> 10y11m

Politics & Economy

Summer Budget 2015 Buy to Let Expenses Relief

Summer Budget 2015 Buy to Let Expenses Relief

Video explains the changes in taxation when offsetting expenses against rental income received of buy to let and investment property....

> 10y11m

Politics & Economy

Summer Budget 2015 National Living Wage

Summer Budget 2015 National Living Wage

Video looks at the Summer Budget 2015 and the introduction of the National Living Wage to replace, in part, the National Minimum Wage....

> 10y11m

Politics & Economy

Summer Budget 2015 Non UK Domicile Taxation

Summer Budget 2015 Non UK Domicile Taxation

Video looks at the changes to non domicile taxation for inheritance tax on residential property in Summer Budget 2015....

> 10y11m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2015 Lifetime Allowance Reduced

Budget 2015 Lifetime Allowance Reduced

Chancellor confirms that the pension Lifetime Allowance will be reduced to £1m from £1.25m from April 2016 and then increase in line with CPI from April 2018....

> 11y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2015 Sell Pension Annuity Double The Tax

Budget 2015 Sell Pension Annuity Double The Tax

Chancellor confirms that pension a pension annuity will be allowed to be sold from April 2016 but we suggest that means a double tax take for HMRC....

> 11y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2015 Help to Buy ISA

Budget 2015 Help to Buy ISA

Chancellor launches a new Help to Buy ISA for first time buyers saving for a deposit with a £50 bonus fro every £200 saved. Can invest an initial £1000 ...

> 11y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2015 Flexible ISA

Budget 2015 Flexible ISA

Chancellor confirms that you will be able to withdraw funds from your ISA in current tax year and top it back up under new flexible ISA rules....

> 11y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2015 Personal Savings Allowance

Budget 2015 Personal Savings Allowance

Chancellor confirms a new Personal Savings Allowance of £1000 interest tax free for a basic rate tax payer and £500 for higher rate tax payer but is it about ...

> 11y3m

Tax Planning

Budget 2015 Deed of Variation Review

Budget 2015 Deed of Variation Review

The Chancellor confirms that the use of Deed of Variation will be reviewed for inheritance tax abuse but we believe it is all about care fees means test planning....

> 11y3m

Politics & Economy

Budget 2015 Stop Self Employed Class 2 National Insurance

Budget 2015 Stop Self Employed Class 2 National Insurance

Chancellor confirms that flat rate class 2 National Insurance for self employed will stop but we believe this is about harmonising tax take for both employed and self employed....

> 11y3m

Business

Quantitative Easing Explained

Quantitative Easing Explained

Video explores government borrowing and sovereign debt and buying back debt using QE quantitative easing.Transcript:“Hello again and thank you for joining me. I get asked quite a lot: “what ...

> 11y5m

Advice Tips

Autumn Statement Mortgage Transparency

Autumn Statement Mortgage Transparency

Video covers Chancellor George Osborne's Autumn Statement December 2014 and plans for mortgage fees transparency....

> 11y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement Children Air Passenger Tax

Autumn Statement Children Air Passenger Tax

Video covers Chancellor George Osborne’s Autumn Statement December 2014 and removal air passenger tax for children below ages 12 and then 16....

> 11y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement ATED Tax Enveloped Dwellings

Autumn Statement ATED Tax Enveloped Dwellings

Video covers Chancellor George Osborne’s Autumn Statement December 2014 and the increase in the annual tax for enveloped dwellings owned inside company structures valued at £2m plus....

> 11y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement Non Dom Remittance Basis User Tax

Autumn Statement Non Dom Remittance Basis User Tax

Video covers Chancellor George Osborne’s Autumn Statement December 2014 and the addition i.e. an increase in tax for the remittance basis user for non UK domiciles (non dom)....

> 11y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement Personal Allowance Increase

Autumn Statement Personal Allowance Increase

Video looks that the increase to the personal tax allowance, the first tier amount you can earn without paying income and its increase from April 2015. Ist this any ...

> 11y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement Tax Free Annuity on Death

Autumn Statement Tax Free Annuity on Death

Video explains Chancellor George Osborne’s Autumn Statement December 2014 and paying a tax free pension annuity to spouse on death before age 75....

> 11y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement Tax Free ISA Transfer on Death

Autumn Statement Tax Free ISA Transfer on Death

Video explains Chancellor George Osborne’s Autumn Statement December 2014 and the new facility to transfer ISA tax benefits to a surviving spouse on death....

> 11y7m

Politics & Economy

Autumn Statement Stamp Duty Changes Dec 14

Autumn Statement Stamp Duty Changes Dec 14

Video explains changes the stamp duty land tax with effect from 4 Dec 2014 in Chancellor George Osborne’s Autumn Statement....

> 11y7m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Overview

2014 Budget Overview

This is our overview of the key issues that came with the 2014 budget from Chancellor George Osborne....

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Flexible Drawdown

2014 Budget Flexible Drawdown

Which effect 27th March 2014 the guaranteed income amount is being reduced from £20,000 to £12,000. This means if you have a guaranteed/secured income of £12,000pa from private and ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Stamp Duty on ATED

2014 Budget Stamp Duty on ATED

If a company structure buys a residential property valued at £500,000 or more then there is going to be a 15% stamp duty charge on top of the transaction....

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Annual Tax Envelope Dwellings

2014 Budget Annual Tax Envelope Dwellings

In the budget were the new changes to Annual Tax on Envelope Dwellings (ATED). The minimum residential property that can be taxed if it’s held inside a company structure ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Transferring Your Personal Allowance

2014 Budget Transferring Your Personal Allowance

From April 2015 you will be able to transfer unused personal allowance up to £1,050 to your spouse or civil partner....

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Self-Employment National Insurance

2014 Budget Self-Employment National Insurance

From April 2015 class 2 national insurance contributions will be collected via self-assessment....

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Personal Allowance

2014 Budget Personal Allowance

From the 6th April 2014 the personal allowance will be going up to £10,000 and will be going up to £10,500 in 2015....

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Free Pensions Guidance Service

2014 Budget Free Pensions Guidance Service

New plans are being put into place for those who have an investment linked defined pension scheme for get some free guidance.There is no more information on this and ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget National Savings Changes

2014 Budget National Savings Changes

Currently you can invest £30,000 in premium bonds, this is changing in August to £40,000 and again in 2015 to £50,000.Also they are doubling the amount of million pound ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Expat Personal Allowances

2014 Budget Expat Personal Allowances

Currently if you are a UK national and are overseas but still getting income from the UK then you can still get a full personal allowance depending on what ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Capped Drawdown Changes

2014 Budget Capped Drawdown Changes

Capped drawdown is being increased from 120% of the usual amount you could have received with an annuity, to 150%....

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Pensions When Not Working

2014 Budget Pensions When Not Working

Even if you are not working you can still pay into a pension scheme up to £3600pa and get tax relief. Originally you could only do this up to ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Triviality Changes

2014 Budget Triviality Changes

The limit that you are allowed to withdraw your individual small pension pot is increasing from £2,000 to £10,000. The triviality limit for small pension pots is increasing from ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget ISA Allowance Changes

2014 Budget ISA Allowance Changes

From the 1st of July 2014 the allowance for adult ISAs will be increased to £15,000. Junior ISA allowance will increase to £4,000.They are also changing the way ISAs ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

2014 Budget Savings Marginal Tax Rate Change

2014 Budget Savings Marginal Tax Rate Change

If you have normal income up to the personal allowance (£10,000 2014/15 and £10,500 2015/16) and only savings investment income only up to £2880 then you pay 10% income ...

> 12y3m

Politics & Economy

Videos Channels

Our Financial Advice Fees Quotes and Shop

Money Tips Cost of Living & Covid

Cost of Living & Covid

Markets & Alerts

Markets & Alerts

Expat and Offshore

Expat and Offshore

At Retirement Options for Pensions

Options At Retirement

Pension Transfers

Pension Transfers

Green Inv ESG SRI

Green Inv ESG SRI

Tax Planning Tips

Law, Wills, Attorneys

Law, Wills, Attorneys

Politics and Economy

Politics & Economy

Employee Shares